The production process of glass includes: batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes. They are introduced as follows:

1. Ingredients, according to the designed material list, weigh the various raw materials and mix them evenly in a mixer. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc. 

2. Melting, heating the prepared raw materials at a high temperature to form a uniform and bubble-free glass. This is a very complicated physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of glass is carried out in the furnace. There are two main types of melting furnaces. Types: one is a crucible kiln, the glass frit is contained in the crucible and heated outside the crucible. The small crucible kiln only puts one crucible, and the large one can be as many as 20 crucibles. The crucible kiln is intermittent production, and only now Optical glass and color glass are produced by crucible kiln. The other is tank kiln, where the glass frit is melted in the kiln, and the open flame is heated on the upper part of the glass surface. The melting temperature of glass is mostly 1300~1600゜C. Most of them use flame For heating, there are also a small amount of electric heating, called electric melting kiln. Nowadays, tank kilns are produced continuously, small tank kilns can be several meters, and large ones can be as large as more than 400 meters. 

3. Forming is to transform the molten glass into a solid product with a fixed shape. The forming must be carried out within a certain temperature range. This is a cooling process. The glass first changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state, and then into Brittle solid. The forming method can be divided into two categories: artificial forming and mechanical forming. 

A. Artificial forming. There is also(1) blowing, using a nickel-chromium alloy blow tube, pick a group of glass in the mold and blow it while turning. It is mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls (for scoring glasses), etc.(2) Drawing, after blowing into small bubbles, another worker sticks it with the top plate, and the two of them are mainly used to make glass tubes or rods while blowing. (3) Pressing, picking a group of glass, using scissors Cut it to make it fall into the concave mold, and then press it with a punch. It is mainly used to form cups, plates, etc. (4) Free forming, after picking the material, use pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools to directly make crafts. 

B. Mechanical forming. Because of the high labor intensity, high temperature and poor conditions of artificial forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming except for free forming. In addition to pressing, blowing, and drawing, mechanical forming also has (1 (2) Casting method to produce optical glass. (3) Centrifugal casting method to produce large diameter glass tubes, utensils, etc. Large-capacity reaction pot. This is to inject glass melt into a high-speed rotating mold. Due to centrifugal force, the glass adheres to the mold wall, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens. (4) Sintering method is used to produce foam glass. It is to add a foaming agent to the glass powder and heat it in a covered metal mold. The glass forms many closed bubbles during the heating process. This is a good heat insulation and sound insulation material. In addition, the forming of flat glass has a vertical guide Upper method, flat drawing method and float method. Float method is a method of floating glass flow on the surface of molten metal (tin) to form flat glass. Its main advantages are high glass quality (flat, smooth) and fast drawing speed. Large output.